Academic Textbook: Role of Antioxidants in Autoimmune Diseases
Keywords:
Antioxidants, Autoimmune, TreatmentAbstract
Free radicals and related compounds are commonly classified together as reactive oxygen species (ROS) to show their role in changing oxidative status within the cell. Cells commonly have different mechanisms to protect the body against damages created by free radicals. Problems are seen when synthesis of ROS is faster than their removal by the antioxidant protection mechanisms, or when the latter is impaired. This imbalance between cellular synthesis of ROS and the inability of cells to protect against them is known as oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can make cellular damage and then cell death due to the ROS oxidize cardinal cellular parts, such as lipids, proteins, and DNA. Antioxidants are exogenous (natural or synthetic) or endogenous factors play their role in several pathways including diminish of O2, scavenging ROS or their precursors, suppressing their production and binding metal ions required for catalysis of ROS production. The natural antioxidant mechanism can be classified into two major types: enzymatic (e. g., catalase, superoxide dismutase,) and nonenzymatic or the low molecular weight antioxidants (LMWA). Therefore, in this book, we aimed to shed a light on the role of antioxidants in autoimmune diseases.
References
1. Gilgun-Sherki Y, Melamed E, Offen D. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: the need for effective antioxidant therapy. Journal of neurology. 2004;251(3):261-8.
2. Miller ED, Dziedzic A, Saluk-Bijak J, Bijak M. A review of various antioxidant compounds and their potential utility as complementary therapy in multiple sclerosis. Nutrients. 2019;11(7):1528.
3. Gholizadeh N, Sheykhbahaei N. Micronutrients Profile in Oral Lichen Planus: a Review Literature. Biological Trace Element Research. 2021;199(3):912-24.
4. Ghahremanlo A, Boroumand N, Ghazvini K, Hashemy SI. Herbal medicine in oral lichen planus. Phytotherapy Research. 2019;33(2):288-93.
5. Yang J-Y, Zhang J, Zhou G. Black pepper and its bioactive constituent piperine: promising therapeutic strategies for oral lichen planus. Inflammopharmacology. 2019;27(1):5-13.
6. Bagan J, Compilato D, Paderni C, Campisi G, Panzarella V, Picciotti M, et al. Topical therapies for oral lichen planus management and their efficacy: a narrative review. Current pharmaceutical design. 2012;18(34):5470-80.
7. Peluso I, Cavaliere A, Palmery M. Plasma total antioxidant capacity and peroxidation biomarkers in psoriasis. Journal of biomedical science. 2016;23(1):1-13.
8. Guarneri F, Bertino L, Pioggia G, Casciaro M, Gangemi S. Therapies with Antioxidant Potential in Psoriasis, Vitiligo, and Lichen Planus. Antioxidants. 2021;10(7):1087.
9. Katsimbri P, Korakas E, Kountouri A, Ikonomidis I, Tsougos E, Vlachos D, et al. The Effect of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Capacity of Diet on Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis Phenotype: Nutrition as Therapeutic Tool? Antioxidants. 2021;10(2):157.
10. Winiarska-Mieczan A, Mieczan T, Wójcik G. Importance of Redox Equilibrium in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis—Impact of Antioxidant-Rich Diet. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1841.
11. Ishibashi T. Molecular hydrogen: new antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapy for rheumatoid arthritis and related diseases. Current Pharmaceutical Design. 2013;19(35):6375-81.
12. Qamar N, John P, Bhatti A. Emerging role of selenium in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: An insight on its antioxidant properties. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. 2021:126737.
13. Xie Z, Hou H, Luo D, An R, Zhao Y, Qiu C. ROS-dependent lipid peroxidation and reliant antioxidant ferroptosis-suppressor-protein 1 in rheumatoid arthritis: A covert clue for potential therapy. Inflammation. 2021;44(1):35-47.
14. Padureanu R, Albu CV, Mititelu RR, Bacanoiu MV, Docea AO, Calina D, et al. Oxidative stress and inflammation interdependence in multiple sclerosis. Journal of clinical medicine. 2019;8(11):1815.
15. Choi I-Y, Lee P, Adany P, Hughes AJ, Belliston S, Denney DR, et al. In vivo evidence of oxidative stress in brains of patients with progressive multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis Journal. 2018;24(8):1029-38.
16. Siotto M, Filippi MM, Simonelli I, Landi D, Ghazaryan A, Vollaro S, et al. Oxidative stress related to iron metabolism in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients with low disability. Frontiers in neuroscience. 2019;13:86.
17. Katarina V, Gordana T, Svetlana MD, Milica B. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation should be both considered in the occurrence of fatigue and depression in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurologica Belgica. 2020;120(4):853-61.
18. Talebi M, Majdi A, Nasiri E, Naseri A, Sadigh-Eteghad S. The correlation between circulating inflammatory, oxidative stress, and neurotrophic factors level with the cognitive outcomes in multiple sclerosis patients. Neurological Sciences. 2021;42(6):2291-300.
19. Ferreira KPZ, Oliveira SR, Kallaur AP, Kaimen-Maciel DR, Lozovoy MAB, de Almeida ERD, et al. Disease progression and oxidative stress are associated with higher serum ferritin levels in patients with multiple sclerosis. Journal of the neurological sciences. 2017;373:236-41.
20. Yevgi R, Demir R. Oxidative stress activity of fingolimod in multiple sclerosis. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery. 2021;202:106500.
21. Bhargava P, Fitzgerald KC, Calabresi PA, Mowry EM. Metabolic alterations in multiple sclerosis and the impact of vitamin D supplementation. JCI insight. 2017;2(19).
22. Muhammed O, Al-Rubae’i S, editors. Role of antioxidant and oxidative stress levels in multiple sclerosis Iraqi patients. Journal of Physics: Conference Series; 2021: IOP Publishing.
23. Barcelos IPd, Troxell RM, Graves JS. Mitochondrial dysfunction and multiple sclerosis. Biology. 2019;8(2):37.
24. Sheykhansari S, Kozielski K, Bill J, Sitti M, Gemmati D, Zamboni P, et al. Redox metals homeostasis in multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a review. Cell death & disease. 2018;9(3):1-16.
25. Singh E, Devasahayam G. Neurodegeneration by oxidative stress: A review on prospective use of small molecules for neuroprotection. Molecular biology reports. 2020;47(4):3133-40.
26. Armon-Omer A, Waldman C, Simaan N, Neuman H, Tamir S, Shahien R. New insights on the nutrition status and antioxidant capacity in multiple sclerosis patients. Nutrients. 2019;11(2):427.
27. Mezzaroba L, Oliveira SR, Flauzino T, Alfieri DF, Pereira WLdCJ, Kallaur AP, et al. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory diagnostic biomarkers in multiple sclerosis: A machine learning study. Molecular neurobiology. 2020:1-12.
28. Waslo C, Bourdette D, Gray N, Wright K, Spain R. Lipoic acid and other antioxidants as therapies for multiple sclerosis. Current treatment options in neurology. 2019;21(6):26.
29. Safaeinejad F, Bahrami S, Redl H, Niknejad H. Inhibition of inflammation, suppression of matrix metalloproteinases, induction of neurogenesis, and antioxidant property make bryostatin-1 a therapeutic choice for multiple sclerosis. Frontiers in pharmacology. 2018;9:625.
30. Vodjgani M, Salehi Z, Izad M. The influence of reactive oxygen species in the immune system and pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Autoimmune diseases. 2020;2020.
31. Fetisova E, Chernyak B, Korshunova G, Muntyan M, Skulachev V. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants as a prospective therapeutic strategy for multiple sclerosis. Current medicinal chemistry. 2017;24(19):2086-114.
32. Tryfonos C, Mantzorou M, Fotiou D, Vrizas M, Vadikolias K, Pavlidou E, et al. Dietary supplements on controlling multiple sclerosis symptoms and relapses: current clinical evidence and future perspectives. Medicines. 2019;6(3):95.
33. Escribano B, Agüera E, Aguilar-Luque M, Luque E, Feijóo M, LaTorre M, et al. Neuroprotective effect of S-allyl cysteine on an experimental model of multiple sclerosis: antioxidant effects. Journal of Functional Foods. 2018;42:281-8.
34. Amirinejad R, Shirvani-Farsani Z, Gargari BN, Sahraian MA, Soltani BM, Behmanesh M. Vitamin D changes expression of DNA repair genes in the patients with multiple sclerosis. Gene. 2021;781:145488.
35. Khan A, Ikram M, Hahm JR, Kim MO. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of citrus flavonoid hesperetin: special focus on neurological disorders. Antioxidants. 2020;9(7):609.
36. Gutiérrez-Miranda B, Gallardo I, Melliou E, Cabero I, Álvarez Y, Magiatis P, et al. Oleacein attenuates the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Antioxidants. 2020;9(11):1161.
37. Adamczyk B, Niedziela N, Adamczyk-Sowa M. Novel approaches of oxidative stress mechanisms in the multiple sclerosis pathophysiology and therapy. Exon Publications. 2017:155-71.
38. Abdollahpour I, Nedjat S, Salimi Y, Mansournia MA, Vahid F, Weinstock-Guttman B. The role of dietary antioxidant index and index of nutritional quality in MS onset: finding from an Iranian population-based incident case–control study. Nutritional neuroscience. 2020:1-8.
39. Adiele RC, Adiele CA. Metabolic defects in multiple sclerosis. Mitochondrion. 2019;44:7-14.
40. Omotoso GO, Gbadamosi IT, Afolabi TT, Abdulwahab AB, Akinlolu AA. Ameliorative effects of Moringa on cuprizone-induced memory decline in rat model of multiple sclerosis. Anatomy & cell biology. 2018;51(2):119-27.
41. Gkekas I, Gioran A, Boziki MK, Grigoriadis N, Chondrogianni N, Petrakis S. Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration: Interconnected Processes in PolyQ Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland). 2021;10(9).
42. Mohammadi A, Hosseinzadeh Colagar A, Khorshidian A, Amini SM. The Functional Roles of Curcumin on Astrocytes in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Neuroimmunomodulation. 2021:1-11.
43. Eddin LB, Jha NK, Meeran MFN, Kesari KK, Beiram R, Ojha S. Neuroprotective Potential of Limonene and Limonene Containing Natural Products. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2021;26(15).
44. Talebi M, Talebi M, Farkhondeh T, Kopustinskiene DM, Simal-Gandara J, Bernatoniene J, et al. An updated review on the versatile role of chrysin in neurological diseases: Chemistry, pharmacology, and drug delivery approaches. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie. 2021;141:111906.
45. Chávez MD, Tse HM. Targeting Mitochondrial-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species in T Cell-Mediated Autoimmune Diseases. Frontiers in immunology. 2021;12:703972.
46. Shen P, Lin W, Deng X, Ba X, Han L, Chen Z, et al. Potential Implications of Quercetin in Autoimmune Diseases. Frontiers in immunology. 2021;12:689044.
47. Sebastiani G, Almeida-Toledano L, Serra-Delgado M, Navarro-Tapia E, Sailer S, Valverde O, et al. Therapeutic Effects of Catechins in Less Common Neurological and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Nutrients. 2021;13(7).
48. Pervin Z, Stephen JM. Effect of alcohol on the central nervous system to develop neurological disorder: pathophysiological and lifestyle modulation can be potential therapeutic options for alcohol-induced neurotoxication. AIMS neuroscience. 2021;8(3):390-413.
49. Subedi L, Gaire BP, Parveen A, Kim SY. Nitric Oxide as a Target for Phytochemicals in Anti-Neuroinflammatory Prevention Therapy. International journal of molecular sciences. 2021;22(9).
50. López-Pedrera C, Villalba JM, Patiño-Trives AM, Luque-Tévar M, Barbarroja N, Aguirre M, et al. Therapeutic Potential and Immunomodulatory Role of Coenzyme Q(10) and Its Analogues in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland). 2021;10(4).
51. Ożarowski M, Karpiński TM, Zielińska A, Souto EB, Wielgus K. Cannabidiol in Neurological and Neoplastic Diseases: Latest Developments on the Molecular Mechanism of Action. International journal of molecular sciences. 2021;22(9).
52. Wang Y, Wang Q, Han X, Ma Y, Zhang Z, Zhao L, et al. Fucoidan: a promising agent for brain injury and neurodegenerative disease intervention. Food & function. 2021;12(9):3820-30.
53. Wang N, Wang X, He M, Zheng W, Qi D, Zhang Y, et al. Ginseng polysaccharides: A potential neuroprotective agent. Journal of ginseng research. 2021;45(2):211-7.
54. Kim J. Pre-Clinical Neuroprotective Evidences and Plausible Mechanisms of Sulforaphane in Alzheimer's Disease. International journal of molecular sciences. 2021;22(6).
55. Maher P. Preventing and Treating Neurological Disorders with the Flavonol Fisetin. Brain plasticity (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 2021;6(2):155-66.
56. Spaas J, van Veggel L, Schepers M, Tiane A, van Horssen J, Wilson DM, 3rd, et al. Oxidative stress and impaired oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation in neurological disorders. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS. 2021;78(10):4615-37.
57. Janitschke D, Lauer AA, Bachmann CM, Grimm HS, Hartmann T, Grimm MOW. Methylxanthines and Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Update. Nutrients. 2021;13(3).
58. Pereira L, Valado A. The Seaweed Diet in Prevention and Treatment of the Neurodegenerative Diseases. Marine drugs. 2021;19(3).
59. Mannucci C, Casciaro M, Sorbara EE, Calapai F, Di Salvo E, Pioggia G, et al. Nutraceuticals against Oxidative Stress in Autoimmune Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland). 2021;10(2).
60. Matsuzaki K, Ohizumi Y. Beneficial Effects of Citrus-Derived Polymethoxylated Flavones for Central Nervous System Disorders. Nutrients. 2021;13(1).
61. Tóth F, Cseh EK, Vécsei L. Natural Molecules and Neuroprotection: Kynurenic Acid, Pantethine and α-Lipoic Acid. International journal of molecular sciences. 2021;22(1).
62. Signorile A, Ferretta A, Ruggieri M, Paolicelli D, Lattanzio P, Trojano M, et al. Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress, cAMP Signalling and Apoptosis: A Crossroads in Lymphocytes of Multiple Sclerosis, a Possible Role of Nutraceutics. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland). 2020;10(1).
63. Reichert CO, Levy D, Bydlowski SP. Paraoxonase Role in Human Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland). 2020;10(1).
64. Szeliga M. Peroxiredoxins in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland). 2020;9(12).
65. Schepici G, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Efficacy of Sulforaphane in Neurodegenerative Diseases. International journal of molecular sciences. 2020;21(22).
66. Silvestro S, Schepici G, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Experimental Models of Neurological Disease. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2020;25(21).
67. Tanaka M, Vécsei L. Monitoring the Redox Status in Multiple Sclerosis. Biomedicines. 2020;8(10).
68. Tavassolifar MJ, Vodjgani M, Salehi Z, Izad M. The Influence of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Immune System and Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis. Autoimmune Dis. 2020;2020:5793817.
69. Chen D, Zhang T, Lee TH. Cellular Mechanisms of Melatonin: Insight from Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomolecules. 2020;10(8).
70. Rosito M, Testi C, Parisi G, Cortese B, Baiocco P, Di Angelantonio S. Exploring the Use of Dimethyl Fumarate as Microglia Modulator for Neurodegenerative Diseases Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland). 2020;9(8).
71. Menegazzi M, Campagnari R, Bertoldi M, Crupi R, Di Paola R, Cuzzocrea S. Protective Effect of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) in Diseases with Uncontrolled Immune Activation: Could Such a Scenario Be Helpful to Counteract COVID-19? International journal of molecular sciences. 2020;21(14).
72. Cannas D, Loi E, Serra M, Firinu D, Valera P, Zavattari P. Relevance of Essential Trace Elements in Nutrition and Drinking Water for Human Health and Autoimmune Disease Risk. Nutrients. 2020;12(7).
73. Khan A, Ikram M, Hahm JR, Kim MO. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Citrus Flavonoid Hesperetin: Special Focus on Neurological Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland). 2020;9(7).
74. Ikram M, Ullah R, Khan A, Kim MO. Ongoing Research on the Role of Gintonin in the Management of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Cells. 2020;9(6).
75. Poursamimi J, Shariati-Sarabi Z, Tavakkol-Afshari J, Mohajeri SA, Mohammadi M. Crocus Sativus (Saffron): An Immunoregulatory Factor in the Autoimmune and Non-autoimmune Diseases. Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology. 2020;19(S1):27-42.
76. Álvarez-Satta M, Berna-Erro A, Carrasco-Garcia E, Alberro A, Saenz-Antoñanzas A, Vergara I, et al. Relevance of oxidative stress and inflammation in frailty based on human studies and mouse models. Aging. 2020;12(10):9982-99.
77. Salehi B, Calina D, Docea AO, Koirala N, Aryal S, Lombardo D, et al. Curcumin's Nanomedicine Formulations for Therapeutic Application in Neurological Diseases. Journal of clinical medicine. 2020;9(2).
78. Gianchecchi E, Fierabracci A. Insights on the Effects of Resveratrol and Some of Its Derivatives in Cancer and Autoimmunity: A Molecule with a Dual Activity. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland). 2020;9(2).
79. Anderson G, Rodriguez M, Reiter RJ. Multiple Sclerosis: Melatonin, Orexin, and Ceramide Interact with Platelet Activation Coagulation Factors and Gut-Microbiome-Derived Butyrate in the Circadian Dysregulation of Mitochondria in Glia and Immune Cells. International journal of molecular sciences. 2019;20(21).
80. Tryfonos C, Mantzorou M, Fotiou D, Vrizas M, Vadikolias K, Pavlidou E, et al. Dietary Supplements on Controlling Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms and Relapses: Current Clinical Evidence and Future Perspectives. Medicines (Basel, Switzerland). 2019;6(3).
81. Winter AN, Bickford PC. Anthocyanins and Their Metabolites as Therapeutic Agents for Neurodegenerative Disease. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland). 2019;8(9).
82. Lu J, Ma Y, Wu J, Huang H, Wang X, Chen Z, et al. A review for the neuroprotective effects of andrographolide in the central nervous system. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie. 2019;117:109078.
83. Khan H, Sureda A, Belwal T, Çetinkaya S, Süntar İ, Tejada S, et al. Polyphenols in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Autoimmunity reviews. 2019;18(7):647-57.
84. Rizzi M, Radovanovic D, Airoldi A, Cristiano A, Frassanito F, Gaboardi P, et al. Rationale underlying the measurement of fractional exhaled nitric oxide in systemic sclerosis patients. Clinical and experimental rheumatology. 2019;37 Suppl 119(4):125-32.
85. Milošević M, Arsić A, Cvetković Z, Vučić V. Memorable Food: Fighting Age-Related Neurodegeneration by Precision Nutrition. Frontiers in nutrition. 2021;8:688086.
86. Bühring J, Hecker M, Fitzner B, Zettl UK. Systematic Review of Studies on Telomere Length in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Aging and disease. 2021;12(5):1272-86.
87. Harley J, Clarke BE, Patani R. The Interplay of RNA Binding Proteins, Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in ALS. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland). 2021;10(4).
88. de Oliveira LG, Angelo YS, Iglesias AH, Peron JPS. Unraveling the Link Between Mitochondrial Dynamics and Neuroinflammation. Frontiers in immunology. 2021;12:624919.
89. Ali MY, Akter Z, Mei Z, Zheng M, Tania M, Khan MA. Thymoquinone in autoimmune diseases: Therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie. 2021;134:111157.
90. Hnilicová P, Štrbák O, Kolisek M, Kurča E, Zeleňák K, Sivák Š, et al. Current Methods of Magnetic Resonance for Noninvasive Assessment of Molecular Aspects of Pathoetiology in Multiple Sclerosis. International journal of molecular sciences. 2020;21(17).
91. Khan A, Jahan S, Imtiyaz Z, Alshahrani S, Antar Makeen H, Mohammed Alshehri B, et al. Neuroprotection: Targeting Multiple Pathways by Naturally Occurring Phytochemicals. Biomedicines. 2020;8(8).
92. Libner CD, Salapa HE, Levin MC. The Potential Contribution of Dysfunctional RNA-Binding Proteins to the Pathogenesis of Neurodegeneration in Multiple Sclerosis and Relevant Models. International journal of molecular sciences. 2020;21(13).
93. Brandes MS, Gray NE. NRF2 as a Therapeutic Target in Neurodegenerative Diseases. ASN neuro. 2020;12:1759091419899782.
94. Souliotis VL, Vlachogiannis NI, Pappa M, Argyriou A, Ntouros PA, Sfikakis PP. DNA Damage Response and Oxidative Stress in Systemic Autoimmunity. International journal of molecular sciences. 2019;21(1).
95. Michaličková D, Šíma M, Slanař O. New insights in the mechanisms of impaired redox signaling and its interplay with inflammation and immunity in multiple sclerosis. Physiological research. 2020;69(1):1-19.
96. Konovalova J, Gerasymchuk D, Parkkinen I, Chmielarz P, Domanskyi A. Interplay between MicroRNAs and Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases. International journal of molecular sciences. 2019;20(23).
97. Faissner S, Gold R. Progressive multiple sclerosis: latest therapeutic developments and future directions. Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders. 2019;12:1756286419878323.
98. Barua S, Kim JY, Yenari MA, Lee JE. The role of NOX inhibitors in neurodegenerative diseases. IBRO reports. 2019;7:59-69.
99. Baker G, Matveychuk D, MacKenzie EM, Holt A, Wang Y, Kar S. Attenuation of the effects of oxidative stress by the MAO-inhibiting antidepressant and carbonyl scavenger phenelzine. Chemico-biological interactions. 2019;304:139-47.
100. Brambilla R. The contribution of astrocytes to the neuroinflammatory response in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Acta neuropathologica. 2019;137(5):757-83.
101. Shaw H, Konidena A, Malhotra A, Yumnam N, Farooq F, Bansal V. Psychological status and uric acid levels in oral lichen planus patients - A case- control study. Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research. 2020;31(3):368-75.
102. Yang XY, Li XZ, Zhang SN. Urinary metabolomic signatures in reticular oral lichen planus. Heliyon. 2020;6(5):e04041.
103. Banerjee S, Mukherjee S, Mitra S, Singhal P. Comparative Evaluation of Mitochondrial Antioxidants in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders. The Kurume medical journal. 2020;66(1):15-27.
104. Shiva A, Arab S, Mousavi SJ, Zamanian A, Maboudi A. Serum and Salivary Level of Nitric Oxide (NOx) and CRP in Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) Patients. Journal of dentistry (Shiraz, Iran). 2020;21(1):6-11.
105. Qataya PO, Elsayed NM, Elguindy NM, Ahmed Hafiz M, Samy WM. Selenium: A sole treatment for erosive oral lichen planus (Randomized controlled clinical trial). Oral diseases. 2020;26(4):789-804.
106. Darczuk D, Krzyściak W, Bystrowska B, Kęsek B, Kościelniak D, Chomyszyn-Gajewska M, et al. The Relationship between the Concentration of Salivary Tyrosine and Antioxidants in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019;2019:5801570.
107. Li XZ, Zhang SN, Yang XY. Serum-based metabolomics characterization of patients with reticular oral lichen planus. Archives of oral biology. 2019;99:183-9.
108. Lv K, Wang G, Shen C, Zhang X, Yao H. Role and mechanism of the nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome in oral disease. Archives of oral biology. 2019;97:1-11.
109. Yang XY, Li XZ, Zhang SN. Metabolomics analysis of oral mucosa reveals profile perturbation in reticular oral lichen planus. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry. 2018;487:28-32.
110. Tvarijonaviciute A, Aznar-Cayuela C, Rubio CP, Tecles F, Ceron JJ, López-Jornet P. Salivary Antioxidant Status in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus: Correlation with Clinical Signs and Evolution during Treatment with Chamaemelum nobile. BioMed research international. 2018;2018:5187549.
111. Rekha VR, Sunil S, Rathy R. Evaluation of oxidative stress markers in oral lichen planus. Journal of oral and maxillofacial pathology : JOMFP. 2017;21(3):387-93.
112. Mansourian A, Agha-Hosseini F, Kazemi HH, Mortazavi N, Moosavi MS, Beytollahi J, et al. Salivary oxidative stress in oral lichen planus treated with triamcinolone mouthrinse. Dental research journal. 2017;14(2):104-10.
113. Tvarijonaviciute A, Aznar-Cayuela C, Rubio CP, Ceron JJ, López-Jornet P. Evaluation of salivary oxidate stress biomarkers, nitric oxide and C-reactive protein in patients with oral lichen planus and burning mouth syndrome. Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology. 2017;46(5):387-92.
114. Amirchaghmaghi M, Hashemy SI, Alirezaei B, Jahed Keyhani F, Kargozar S, Vasigh S, et al. Evaluation of Plasma Isoprostane in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus. Journal of dentistry (Shiraz, Iran). 2016;17(1):21-5.
115. Batu Ş, Ofluoğlu D, Ergun S, Warnakulasuriya S, Uslu E, Güven Y, et al. Evaluation of prolidase activity and oxidative stress in patients with oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid contact reactions. Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology. 2016;45(4):281-8.
116. Hashemy SI, Gharaei S, Vasigh S, Kargozar S, Alirezaei B, Keyhani FJ, et al. Oxidative stress factors and C-reactive protein in patients with oral lichen planus before and 2 weeks after treatment. Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology. 2016;45(1):35-40.
117. Totan A, Miricescu D, Parlatescu I, Mohora M, Greabu M. Possible salivary and serum biomarkers for oral lichen planus. Biotechnic & histochemistry : official publication of the Biological Stain Commission. 2015;90(7):552-8.
118. Abdolsamadi H, Rafieian N, Goodarzi MT, Feradmal J, Davoodi P, Jazayeri M, et al. Levels of salivary antioxidant vitamins and lipid peroxidation in patients with oral lichen planus and healthy individuals. Chonnam medical journal. 2014;50(2):58-62.
119. Shirzad A, Pouramir M, Seyedmajidi M, Jenabian N, Bijani A, Motallebnejad M. Salivary total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation in patients with erosive oral lichen planus. Journal of dental research, dental clinics, dental prospects. 2014;8(1):35-9.
120. Mehdipour M, Taghavi Zenouz A, Bahramian A, Gholizadeh N, Boorghani M. Evaluation of serum nitric oxide level in patients with oral lichen planus. Journal of dentistry (Shiraz, Iran). 2014;15(2):48-51.
121. Lopez-Jornet P, Martinez-Canovas A, Pons-Fuster A. Salivary biomarkers of oxidative stress and quality of life in patients with oral lichen planus. Geriatrics & gerontology international. 2014;14(3):654-9.
122. Mortazavi N. Role of oxidative stress in malignant transformation of oral lichen planus. Oral oncology. 2013;49(12):e41-2.
123. Agha-Hosseini F, Mirzaii-Dizgah I, Farmanbar N, Abdollahi M. Oxidative stress status and DNA damage in saliva of human subjects with oral lichen planus and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology. 2012;41(10):736-40.
124. Saawarn N, Shashikanth MC, Saawarn S, Jirge V, Chaitanya NC, Pinakapani R. Lycopene in the management of oral lichen planus: a placebo-controlled study. Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research. 2011;22(5):639-43.
125. Ergun S, Troşala SC, Warnakulasuriya S, Özel S, Önal AE, Ofluoğlu D, et al. Evaluation of oxidative stress and antioxidant profile in patients with oral lichen planus. Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology. 2011;40(4):286-93.
126. Battino M, Greabu M, Totan A, Bullon P, Bucur A, Tovaru S, et al. Oxidative stress markers in oral lichen planus. BioFactors (Oxford, England). 2008;33(4):301-10.
127. Berardesca E, Cameli N. Vitamin E Supplementation in Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Dermatol Ther. 2021.
128. Quispe C, Cruz-Martins N, Manca ML, Manconi M, Sytar O, Hudz N, et al. Nano-Derived Therapeutic Formulations with Curcumin in Inflammation-Related Diseases. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021;2021:3149223.
129. Xian D, Guo M, Xu J, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Zhong J. Current evidence to support the therapeutic potential of flavonoids in oxidative stress-related dermatoses. Redox report : communications in free radical research. 2021;26(1):134-46.
130. Ding Z, Liu J, Qian H, Wu L, Lv M. Cinnamaldehyde inhibits psoriasis‑like inflammation by suppressing proliferation and inflammatory response of keratinocytes via inhibition of NF‑κB and JNK signaling pathways. Molecular medicine reports. 2021;24(3).
131. Saitoh Y, Tanaka A, Hyodo S. Protective Effects of Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Wrapped Fullerene Against Nitric Oxide/Peroxynitrite-Induced Cellular Injury in Human Skin Keratinocytes. Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology. 2021;21(9):4579-85.
132. Olivero-Verbel J, De la Parra-Guerra A, Caballero-Gallardo K, Sierra-Marquez L, Fuentes-Lopez K, Franco-Marmolejo J, et al. The aqueous extract of Fridericia chica grown in northern Colombia ameliorates toxicity induced by Tergitol on Caenorhabditis elegans. Comparative biochemistry and physiology Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP. 2021;244:109026.
133. Wójcik P, Gęgotek A, Žarković N, Skrzydlewska E. Oxidative Stress and Lipid Mediators Modulate Immune Cell Functions in Autoimmune Diseases. International journal of molecular sciences. 2021;22(2).
134. Guarneri F, Custurone P, Papaianni V, Gangemi S. Involvement of RAGE and Oxidative Stress in Inflammatory and Infectious Skin Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland). 2021;10(1).
135. Gunter NV, Teh SS, Lim YM, Mah SH. Natural Xanthones and Skin Inflammatory Diseases: Multitargeting Mechanisms of Action and Potential Application. Frontiers in pharmacology. 2020;11:594202.
136. Liu A, Zhang B, Zhao W, Tu Y, Wang Q, Li J. Catalpol ameliorates psoriasis-like phenotypes via SIRT1 mediated suppression of NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways. Bioengineered. 2021;12(1):183-95.
137. Tsai YF, Chen CY, Lin IW, Leu YL, Yang SC, Syu YT, et al. Imperatorin Alleviates Psoriasiform Dermatitis by Blocking Neutrophil Respiratory Burst, Adhesion, and Chemotaxis Through Selective Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibition. Antioxidants & redox signaling. 2021;35(11):885-903.
138. Karabowicz P, Wroński A, Ostrowska H, Waeg G, Zarkovic N, Skrzydlewska E. Reduced Proteasome Activity and Enhanced Autophagy in Blood Cells of Psoriatic Patients. International journal of molecular sciences. 2020;21(20).
139. Bajgai J, Lee KJ, Rahman MH, Fadriquela A, Kim CS. Role of Molecular Hydrogen in Skin Diseases and its Impact in Beauty. Curr Pharm Des. 2021;27(5):737-46.
140. Pleńkowska J, Gabig-Cimińska M, Mozolewski P. Oxidative Stress as an Important Contributor to the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis. International journal of molecular sciences. 2020;21(17).
141. Kirmit A, Kader S, Aksoy M, Bal C, Nural C, Aslan O. Trace elements and oxidative stress status in patients with psoriasis. Postepy dermatologii i alergologii. 2020;37(3):333-9.
142. Peng H, Xian D, Liu J, Pan S, Tang R, Zhong J. Regulating the Polarization of Macrophages: A Promising Approach to Vascular Dermatosis. Journal of immunology research. 2020;2020:8148272.
143. Emmert H, Fonfara M, Rodriguez E, Weidinger S. NADPH oxidase inhibition rescues keratinocytes from elevated oxidative stress in a 2D atopic dermatitis and psoriasis model. Experimental dermatology. 2020;29(8):749-58.
144. Zeng L, Yu G, Yang K, Li J, Hao W, Chen H. The Efficacy of Antioxidative Stress Therapy on Oxidative Stress Levels in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021;2021:3302886.
145. Jutley GS, Sahota K, Sahbudin I, Filer A, Arayssi T, Young SP, et al. Relationship Between Inflammation and Metabolism in Patients With Newly Presenting Rheumatoid Arthritis. Frontiers in immunology. 2021;12:676105.
146. Wang L, Pan F, Luo T. Sinapic Acid Attenuates Rheumatoid Arthritis Through Reducing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress by Downregulating IκB Kinase. Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research. 2021;41(9):347-54.
147. Mittal M, Mehta P, Rajput S, Rajender S, Chattopadhyay N. The pharmacological assessment of resveratrol on preclinical models of rheumatoid arthritis through a systematic review and meta-analysis. European journal of pharmacology. 2021;910:174504.
148. Kucharská J, Poništ S, Vančová O, Gvozdjáková A, Uličná O, Slovák L, et al. Treatment with coenzyme Q10, omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids and their combination improved bioenergetics and levels of coenzyme Q9 and Q10 in skeletal muscle mitochondria in experimental model of arthritis. Physiological research. 2021.
149. Tang Y, Xie D, Gong W, Wu H, Qiang Y. Pentahydroxy flavonoid isolated from Madhuca indica ameliorated adjuvant-induced arthritis via modulation of inflammatory pathways. Scientific reports. 2021;11(1):17971.
150. Souza KS, Moreira LS, Silva BT, Oliveira BPM, Carvalho AS, Silva PS, et al. Low dose of quercetin-loaded pectin/casein microparticles reduces the oxidative stress in arthritic rats. Life sciences. 2021;284:119910.
151. Rehman A, John P, Bhatti A. Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles: Potential Solution to Oxidative Stress Mediated Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Associated Complications. Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland). 2021;11(8).
152. Kaur G, Sharma A, Bhatnagar A. Role of oxidative stress in pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis: insights into NRF2-KEAP1 signalling. Autoimmunity. 2021:1-13.
153. Alzoghaibi MA. Concepts of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in Crohn's disease. World journal of gastroenterology. 2013;19(39):6540-7.
154. Iborra M, Moret I, Rausell F, Bastida G, Aguas M, Cerrillo E, et al. Role of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes in Crohn's disease. Biochemical Society transactions. 2011;39(4):1102-6.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Kindle
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Since making research freely available supports a greater global exchange of knowledge, PreferPub provides immediate open access to its published books under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (CC BY-NC 4.0). This license allows others to share, copy, and redistribute the material in any medium or format, as well as adapt, remix, transform, and build upon the material, as long as the use is non-commercial and appropriate credit is given to the original work.
